Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005) - Norfolk Island (2003)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005) z Norfolk Island (2003)

	Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005)	Norfolk Island (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 20.2% 15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products	Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry
Airports	5 (2004 est.)	1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)	-
Area	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands	total: 34.6 sq km land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Connecticut	about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.	Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)	revenues: $4.6 million expenditures: $4.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 92/93)
Capital	Stanley	Kingston
Climate	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate	subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	1,288 km	32 km
Constitution	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998	Norfolk Island Act of 1979
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)	conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island
Currency	-	Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$NA
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina	territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied the islands by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks	none
Economic aid - recipient	$0 (1997 est.)	$NA
Economy - overview	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.	Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.
Electricity - consumption	17.72 million kWh (2002)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)	-
Electricity - production	19.06 million kWh (2002)	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 0% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m
Environment - current issues	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster	NA
Ethnic groups	British	descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesians
Exchange rates	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.8406 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Anthony J. MESSNER (since 4 August 1997) head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 29 November 2001 (next to be held by December 2004) election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - NA%
Exports	NA	$1.5 million f.o.b. (FY 91/92)
Exports - commodities	wool, hides, meat	postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados
Exports - partners	Spain 77.4%, UK 9.4%, US 4.9% (2004)	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT	three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	NA%
Geographic coordinates	51 45 S, 59 00 W	29 02 S, 167 57 E
Geography - note	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season	most of the 32-km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated
Highways	total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)	total: 80 km paved: 53 km unpaved: 27 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA	$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY 91/92)
Imports - commodities	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing	NA
Imports - partners	UK 63.2%, Spain 30.3%, France 3.6% (2004)	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	fish and wool processing; tourism	tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA (2005 est.)	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.6% (1998)	NA%
International organization participation	ICFTU, UPU	none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction	Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Labor force	1,100 (est.)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)	tourism NA%, subsistence agriculture NA%
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	English	English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian
Legal system	English common law	based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout	unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 29 November 2001 (next to be held by December 2004) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2005 est.)	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.)
Literacy	-	NA
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Map references	South America	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	none	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	no regular military forces	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	NA	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	-
National holiday	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)	Pitcairners Arrival Day, 8 June (1856)
Nationality	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island	noun: Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)
Natural hazards	strong winds persist throughout the year	typhoons (especially May to July)
Natural resources	fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss	fish
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	none; all independents	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	none
Population	2,967 (July 2005 est.)	1,853 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA%
Population growth rate	2.44% (2005 est.)	0.01% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Stanley	none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist	Anglican 37.4%, Uniting Church in Australia 14.5%, Roman Catholic 11.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.1%, none 12.2%, unknown 17.4%, other 3.9% (1996)
Sex ratio	-	NA (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: radiotelephone service with Sydney (Australia)
Telephones - main lines in use	2,400 (2002)	1,087 (1983)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (2001)	0 (1983)
Television broadcast stations	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)	1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (1998)
Terrain	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains	volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman (2005 est.)	NA children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	full employment; labor shortage (2001)	NA%
Waterways	-	none

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